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First published online July 25, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 2951-2961 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01712
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Nitric oxide in control of luminescence from hatchetfish (Argyropelecus hemigymnus) photophores

Jenny Krönström1,*, Susanne Holmgren1, Fernand Baguet2, Lorenza Salpietro3 and Jerome Mallefet2

1 Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Box 463, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
2 Laboratory of Marine Biology, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
3 Department of Biology and Marine Ecology, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy



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  		Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the position (A,B) and structure (C) of the ventral photophores of the hatchetfish Argyropelecus hemigymnus. A common chamber for the photocytes (p) is surrounded by a reflector (r) (B,C). There are several exits for light from the photocyte chamber. The exits contain pigmented filter (f) cells and, more peripherally, unpigmented transparent tissue called the gelatinous body (gb; C) (Bassot, 1966Go; Denton et al., 1985Go). Arrows indicate the main entrance points for nerve fibres through the reflector to the photocyte chamber found in the present study (C).

 


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  		Fig. 2. Control experiments on sections of a ventral photophore from the hatchetfish Argyropelecus hemigymnus, showing (A) lack of unspecific staining after omission of primary antibody, and specific staining among the photocytes and in the filter cells, with (B) nNOS 31030 and (C) nNOS sc1025. f, filter cell area; p, photocytes. Bars, 50 µm.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Control experiments on sections of a ventral photophore from the hatchetfish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus. Preabsorption using antigen (block peptide, Table 1) and the antibody nNOS sc1025 (A and B) resulted in quenching of the immunoreaction both in the filter cells (compare A and C) and among the photocytes (compare B and D). f, filter cell area; p, photocytes; r, reflector. Bars, 50 µm.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Sections of ventral photophores from the hatchetfish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus showing acetylated tubulin-like (A–C; AcT-LI IR, green fluorescence) and nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity (D–H; NOS-LI IR, brownish precipitate). Blue fluorescence in A–C is autofluorescence from the photocytes. (A) AcT-LI IR nerve fibres in the filter area, and among the photocytes. (B) Nerve bundle (arrow) entering the photocyte chamber through the reflector. (C) Nerves branching among the photocytes from a common point (arrow) at the median narrowing of the photophore. (D) NOS-LI IR (nNOS sc1025) in the cytoplasm of the outer filter cells (arrows). (E) NOS-LI IR (nNOS sc1025) in nerve bundle (arrows) leading to photophore. (F,G) Varicose nerve fibres (arrows) among photocytes showing NOS-LI IR (F, nNOS sc1025; G, nNOS 31030). (H) Intra- or extra-cellular structures with NOS-LI IR (arrows; nNOS 31030) at the cell membrane of a photocyte. f, filter cell area; p, photocytes; r, reflector. Bars, 50 µm.

 


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  		Fig. 5. SNP (circles) and SNAP (triangles) at 10–3 mol l–1 in 22 cases out of 34 decreased the adrenaline-induced luminescence of photophores. Insert, blow-up showing comparison of the relationship {Delta}Lmax–Lmax for lower Lmax values. (The 12 instances where SNP or SNAP increased the adrenaline-induced luminescence are reported in the text.) The ordinate shows {Delta}Lmax (differences between pairs of treated and control photophores in Mq s–1); the abscissa, Lmax (Mq s–1) of the control photophores.

 


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  		Fig. 6. (A) Comparison of the maximal amplitude of adrenergic response of 8 pairs of control and hydroxylamine (10–3 mol l–1) treated photophores. (B) Extinction time course for luminescence from adrenaline stimulated photophores. On addition of hydroxylamine (H, arrow), treated photophores show an acceleration of light extinction as compared with control photophores.

 


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  		Fig. 7. (A) Lmax differences ({Delta}Lmax) between pairs of L-thiocitrulline treated and control photophores plotted in function of Lmax (Mq s–1) of control photophores. (B) Relationship between rates of light production (TLmax) and light extinction (TL1/2, min) in L-thiocitrulline treated photophores.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2005