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Fig. 1. (A) A colony in plan-view: a fully formed chimney (black arrow) and
partially formed chimneys at the canopy edge (white arrows). (B) A diagram of
a colony viewed from the side: Ch, chimney; Ca, canopy; L, lophophore; ce,
canopy edge; m, mouth position at lophophore base; gray arrows, direction of
flow. (C) Flow into a colony and out of a chimney (scale bar for C–F is
in F). Successive frames from a black-and-white video were colorized and
superimposed so that moving particles appear as rainbow streaks. The streak
length is proportional to the particle speed. Lophophores appear white since
they did not move. The colony was viewed from the side and illuminated with a
light sheet perpendicular to the colony surface. (D) An image of the flow out
of the canopy edge 2 daysbefore chimney appearance, produced as in C but with
the colony in plan-view, illuminated with a light sheet at the level of the
mouths. (E) A video frame showing the canopy edge of the colony in D, in
plan-view, 2 days before chimney appearance. Note the columns of zooids
(rectangular boxes) oriented in the direction of growth (black arrow). Red
arrowheads indicate the same point on the colony in E and F (on the left edge
of the chimney in F). (F) A video frame of the same colony 2 days after
chimney appearance.
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