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First published online July 6, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 2707-2718 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01690

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The effects of cortisol administration on social status and brain monoaminergic activity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Joseph D. DiBattista^1,*, Hymie Anisman², Megan Whitehead¹ and Kathleen M. Gilmour^1,

¹ Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Canada
² Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6 Canada

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The effects of cortisol and cortisol+RU486 treatments (single dose injections) on the behaviour scores of (A) size-matched (respectively, 14 and 10 pairs) and (B) size-mismatched (respectively, 14 and 10 pairs) pairs of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss confined together for 5 days. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N values are given in the figure. Means were calculated for each combination of social status and treatment within a treatment group to give dominant treated, subordinate treated, dominant untreated, and subordinate untreated categories. There was no significant effect of treatment group on behaviour score within a category (Student's t-test, P>0.05).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The effects of cortisol and cortisol+RU486 treatments on plasma cortisol concentrations in (A) size-matched (respectively, 14 and 10 pairs) and (B) size-mismatched (respectively, 11 and 10 pairs) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss confined in pairs for 5 days. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N values are given in the figure. Means were calculated for each combination of social status and treatment within a treatment group to give dominant treated, subordinate treated, dominant untreated, and subordinate untreated categories. See text for statistical analysis of these data.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean plasma cortisol concentrations in untreated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (control; N=12) as well as those given an intraperitoneal implant containing either cortisol (50 mg hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate kg–1 fish; N=10) or cortisol+RU486 (500 mg mifepristone kg–1 fish; N=12). Values are means ± 1 S.E.M. Groups that do not share a letter were significantly different from one another (one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by Dunn's post hoc multiple comparisons test, P<0.001).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Monoamine concentrations (A,D), main monoamine metabolite concentrations (B,E) and the ratio of concentrations of main metabolite to parent monoamine (monoaminergic activity; C,F) for serotonin (A–C) and dopamine (D–F) in the telencephalon of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with cortisol. Cortisol was administered by intraperitoneal implant on its own (`implant', 50 mg hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate kg–1 fish) or simultaneously with the glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU486 (500 mg mifepristone kg–1 fish); an additional group of untreated fish served as a control group. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=10–12 for the control group, N=10 for the group given cortisol implants, and N=9–10 for the cortisol implant + RU486 treatment group. Treatment groups that do not share a letter were significantly different from one another (one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by Dunn's post hoc multiple comparisons test; P values, A<0.001, B=0.014, C=0.008, D=0.086, E=0.057, F=0.021).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Monoamine concentrations (A,D), main monoamine metabolite concentrations (B, E) and the ratio of concentrations of main metabolite to parent monoamine (monoaminergic activity; C,F) for serotonin (A,B,C) and dopamine (D,E,F) in the hypothalamus of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with cortisol. Cortisol was administered by intraperitoneal implant either on its own (`implant', 50 mg hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate kg–1 fish) or simultaneously with the glucocorticoid receptor blocker RU486 (500 mg mifepristone kg–1 fish); an additional group of untreated fish served as a control group. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.; N=12 for the control group, N=9–10 for the group given cortisol implants, and N=12 for the cortisol implant+RU486 treatment group. Treatment groups that do not share a letter were significantly different from one another (one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by Dunn's post hoc multiple comparisons test; P values, A=0.078, B<0.001, C<0.001, D<0.001, E<0.001, F<0.001).

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