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First published online June 6, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 2277-2288 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01641

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The tube feet of sea urchins and sea stars contain functionally different mutable collagenous tissues

Romana Santos^1,*, Delphine Haesaerts^2,*, Michel Jangoux^1,2 and Patrick Flammang^1,

¹ Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Laboratoire de Biologie marine, 6 Avenue du champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
² Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Typical J-shaped stress-strain curve for the stem of echinoid and asteroid tube feet, showing the different material properties measured.

View larger version (187K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ultrastructure (TEM) of the tube foot connective tissue layer in Paracentrotus lividus (A,C,E) and in Marthasterias glacialis (B,D,F,G). Arrows indicate juxtaligamental-like cells intercalated between collagen fibres. (A,B) General views of a transverse section through the tube foot stem. (C,D) Details of the outer connective tissue sheath. (E,F) Juxtaligamental-like cells. (G) Detail of the microfibrillar network. Abbreviations: BL, basal lamina; Fi, fibres; G, granules; G1 and G2, type 1 and 2 granules; ICS, inner connective tissue sheath; OCS, outer connective tissue sheath; NP, nerve plexus; M, myomesothelium; MN, microfibrillar network; Mx, matrix.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Selected stress-strain curves for the tube feet of Paracentrotus lividus (A) and Marthasterias glacialis (B), illustrating stem connective tissue material properties in three different bathing solutions. See text for abbreviations.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Variation of the mechanical properties of the tube foot stem of Paracentrotus lividus (A-E) and Marthasterias glacialis (F-J) with different bathing solutions. Values are means + S.D. for 10 tube feet from one of three animals, each animal being indicated by a different colour. Data analysed using a two-way ANOVA; means sharing at least one letter are not significantly different (PTukey0.05). See text for abbreviations.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Variation of the final stiffness of the tube foot stem of Paracentrotus lividus with different bathing solutions. Values are means + S.D. for 10 tube feet from one of two animals, each animal being indicated by a different colour. Data analysed using a two-way ANOVA; means sharing at least one letter are not significantly different (PTukey0.05). See text for abbreviations.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Variation of the mechanical properties of the tube foot stem of Paracentrotus lividus (A-E) and Marthasterias glacialis (F-J) with different bathing solutions. Values are means + S.D. for 10 tube feet from one of three animals, each animal being indicated by a different colour. Data analysed using a two-way ANOVA; means sharing at least one letter are not significantly different (PTukey0.05). See text for abbreviations.