First published online May 24, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 2123-2134 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01620
Cardiac performance in the zebrafish breakdance mutant
Renate Kopp,
Thorsten Schwerte and
Bernd Pelster*
Institute of Zoology and Limnology, and Center for Molecular
Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Fig. 1. (A) Changes in contraction rhythm between a 2:1 and a 1:1 rhythm over a 20
min period in a single homozygous bre mutant zebrafish (7 d.p.f.)
raised at 28°C. (B) A time window of 100 s at an expanded time scale to
illustrate beat-to-beat activity. Any change in the rhythm of contraction was
recorded and dots represent 1 s intervals.
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Fig. 2. Percentage of animals raised at three different temperatures (25°C,
28°C and 31°C) showing the 2:1 rhythm during the first 1 min of
recording. The fraction of animals expressing the arrhythmia in homozygous
bre mutants increased with increasing temperature. The number of
analyzed animals is listed within or above each column.
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Fig. 3. Survival rate of wild-type and bre zebrafish larvae raised at
25°C, 28°C or 31°C during the first days of development. For each
group 10 separate batches of animals were observed, with about 100 animals in
each batch. Total number of hatched larvae (N) at the beginning of
the experiment were 826 (25°C), 802 (28°C) and 467 (31°C) for
bre larvae, and 435 (25°C), 716 (28°C) and 809 (31°C) for
wild-type larvae, respectively.
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Fig. 4. Changes in heart rate with development in homozygous bre mutant
animals raised at 25°C, 28°C or 31°C. (A-C) Chamber-specific heart
rate (i.e. atrial rate and ventricular rates) in the 2:1 rhythm, and heart
rate at the 1:1 rhythm for the three different temperatures. For comparison,
heart rate of wild-type animals is included. (D) Comparison of heart rate of
mutants in the 1:1 rhythm at the three different temperatures in order to
demonstrate the inverse temperature sensitivity of heart rate during the 1:1
rhythm. N-values for the separate stages and groups as well as a
statistical comparison of the various stages and groups are listed in Tables
1 and
2.
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Fig. 5. Changes in stroke volume (2:1 rhythm) with development in homozygous
bre mutant animals raised at 25°C, 28°C or 31°C. For
comparison, data for wild-type zebrafish are included. For statistical
significance and N-values, see Tables
2 and
3.
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Fig. 6. Changes in cardiac output (2:1 rhythm) with development in homozygous
bre mutant animals raised at 25°C, 28°C or 31°C. For
comparison, data for wild-type zebrafish are included. For statistical
significance and N-values, see Tables
2 and
3.
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Fig. 7. Blood pressure and blood flow in homozygous bre zebrafish mutants
(A,C,D) and blood pressure in wild-type zebrafish (B) (2.5-3 d.p.f.). (A)
Blood pressure in the ventricle and in the ventral artery. Horizontal bars
show duration of atrial contractions. Dotted line, trace of blood pressure in
the ventral artery; *atrial contraction;  second
atrial contraction. (B,C) Blood pressure in the ventricle and in the bulbus
arteriosus. (D) Blood flow to the heart, measured by video imaging in the
sinus venosus. Horizontal black bars, duration of atrial contractions.
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2005
