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First published online May 5, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1895-1904 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01596

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Changes in gut and Malpighian tubule transport during seasonal acclimatization and freezing in the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis

Shu-Xia Yi and Richard E. Lee, Jr^*

Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Seasonal changes in body mass of larvae collected from September to December.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relationship between hemolymph osmolarity and freeze tolerance. (A) Seasonal increases of hemolymph osmolality (B) Freeze-tolerance to either -20°C or -80°C based on 2 h observation at 22°C (no larvae survived freezing on September 20). (C) The effect of observation/thawing time on percentage survival. Open circles, Nov. 13 (-80°C, 20 days); filled triangles, Nov. 13 (-80°C, 40 days); open triangles, Dec. 11 (-80°C, 2 months); filled circles, Sept. 25 (-80°C, 48 h).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Diagram summarizing the anatomical structure and transport function of the gut and Malpighian tubules. Regions of Chlorophenol Red transport are indicated by plus signs; calcium phosphate crystals by shaded ovals.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. In vitro fluid secretion by the isolated Malpighian tubules (MT) from larvae collected at different times. (A) Seasonal changes in secretion rate (nl min-1) by anterior and posterior tubules. (B) Time course of fluid secretion during a period from 30 to 120 min after dissection. MTA, anterior pair of MT; MTP, posterior pair of MT.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effects of season and freezing (inset) on cholesterol levels in the hemolymph (A) and Malpighian tubule membrane (B).