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First published online May 5, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1877-1885 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01574

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Arterial hemodynamics and mechanical properties after circulatory intervention in the chick embryo

Jennifer L. Lucitti^*, Kimimasa Tobita and Bradley B. Keller

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center Room 3320E, 3460 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Example of original data [PDA(t), dorsal aortic pressure; QDA(t), dorsal aortic flow] obtained from a HH21 CON embryo (A). Data were recorded simultaneously in the dorsal aorta at the level of the sinus venosus. Waveforms were decomposed using Fourier transform to characterize the modulus (B) and phase (C) of arterial impedance.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total vascular resistance (TVR) in CON, left-atrial ligated (LAL) and right vitelline artery ligated (VAL) embryos at stages HH21 (P<0.01), HH24 (P<0.01) and HH27 (P=0.04) (A). VAL increased TVR at all stages. LAL caused an increase in TVR at HH24 that normalized by HH27. Fundamental impedance (Z1) in CON, LAL and VAL embryos at HH21 (P<0.01), HH24 (P<0.01) and HH27 (P<0.01) (B). VAL increased Z1 at all stages. LAL increased Z1 at HH21 only. Characteristic impedance (ZC) in CON, LAL and VAL embryos at HH21 (P=0.08), HH24 (P<0.01) and HH27 (P<0.01) (C). ZC increased after LAL and then normalized by HH24. ZC was unchanged in VAL embryos at HH21 but increased significantly at HH24 and HH27. Data are mean ± S.E.M. *P0.05, P 0.1 experimental group versus CON.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Compliance (CA) in CON, LAL and VAL embryos at HH21 (P<0.01), HH24 (P<0.01) and HH27 (P<0.01) embryos. CA immediately decreased in both LAL and VAL embryos after ligation. CA normalized by HH24 in LAL embryos but remained significantly low in VAL embryos through HH27. Symbols and abbreviations described in Fig. 2. Data are mean ± S.E.M.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Total power (WT) (A), steady power (WS) (B) and oscillatory power (WO) (C) in HH21 (WT: P<0.01; WS: P<0.01; WO: P<0.01) HH24 (WT: P=0.02; WS: P=0.02; WO: P=0.03) and HH27 (WT: P=0.40; WS: P=0.41; WO: P=0.42) control and experimental groups. All power parameters significantly declined post-ligation in LAL groups, reflecting a decrease in preload. However, by HH24, power parameters became more similar to CON values and normalized by HH27. Power parameters also decreased in VAL embryos after ligation and normalized by HH27. Symbols and abbreviations described in Fig. 2. Data are mean ± S.E.M.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Percent oscillatory power in control and experimental groups at HH21 (P=0.16), HH24 (P=0.38) and HH27 (P=0.40). Despite ligation technique, percent oscillatory power was similar at all stages. Symbols and abbreviations described in Figs 1 and 2. Data are mean ± S.E.M.