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First published online December 15, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 75-81 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01381

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Tolerance of endolithic algae to elevated temperature and light in the coral Montipora monasteriata from the southern Great Barrier Reef

Maoz Fine^*, Efrat Meroz-Fine and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg

Centre for Marine Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagram of experimental design for measuring the effect of heat and light stress and following recovery, demonstrating the number of fragments of coral in each aquarium, number of aquaria in each treatment and duration of each stage of the experiment. Black and white rectangles represent intact and bare coral skeleton fragments, respectively.

View larger version (98K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Illustration of experimental setting for diurnal light and Fv/Fm measurements in Montipora monasteriata. (A) Top view of the intact (i), and exposed (e) parts of the skeleton; the position of the coral clip (cc) and the light meter (lm) can be seen. The coral clip and light meter were mounted underneath or inside the endolithic algae layer hence the broken line. Note the green pigment of the endoliths in the exposed part. (B) Side view showing the two grooves drilled for each of the pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) light meters can be seen between the skeleton and the endolithic algae layer. Two PAM fluorometers were used simultaneously.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Maximal photosynthetic quantum yields (Fv/Fm, mean ± 95% confidence limits) of (A) dinoflagellates, (B) exposed endoliths and (C) endoliths under intact tissue. Each was examined under four combinations of temperature and light in the beginning of the experiment (red open squares) and 24 h later (green filled squares). In C (under intact tissue) only the endpoint Fv/Fm could be measured, after removal of coral tissue (red-filled squares).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Recovery of (A) dinoflagellates, (B) exposed endoliths and (C) endoliths under intact tissue, as reflected by Fv/Fm (values are means ± 95% confidence limits during 6 days following the heating experiment). Fragments were exposed to one of four treatments: 31°C in the sun (red squares), 31°C in shade (green diamonds), 25°C in the sun (blue triangles) and 25°C in shade (black circles). Please note that day 1 is still within the heating experiment.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. A 24 h cycle of Fv/Fm of exposed endoliths (filled circles) and endoliths under intact tissue (open circles) (mean ± S.D., N=4) as recorded every 20 min in the skeletons of M. monasteriata. The inset shows the average (N=3 days) light intensities inside the skeleton, under intact tissue (filled circles) and in exposed skeleton (open circles) during the days of the experiment.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Rapid light curves of partially bleached colonies of M. monasteriata in March 2004. Curves are shown for dinoflagellates in a healthy area (triangles), and in a bleached area of the colony (open squares), and endoliths under a bleached area (filled squares) and under a healthy area (open circles).