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First published online March 22, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1563-1575 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00927

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Locomotory behaviour and post-exercise physiology in relation to swimming speed, gait transition and metabolism in free-swimming smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

Stephan J. Peake^1,* and Anthony P. Farrell²

¹ Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3C 6E1, Canada
² Department of Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Scale drawings of (A) the experimental raceway and (B) the respirometer used in this study.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Overhead (A) and three-dimensional (B) drawings (not to scale) of the capture well used to trap smallmouth bass following an ascent through the raceway.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Data from locomotory gait and behaviour experiments. (A) The relationship between mean swimming speed (determined from videotapes) and water velocity for 30 cm smallmouth bass in the raceway, and the locomotory gaits used by individuals to attain various speeds. Similar patterns existed for other size groups (24–38 cm). (B) The relationship between fork length and maximum steady (solid line, y=3.9+2.3x, r2=0.65) and minimum unsteady (broken line, y=46.2+1.8x, r2=0.55) gait thresholds for smallmouth bass in the raceway. (C) Mean ground speeds calculated from videotapes, the light-gate interval that spanned the observation window and the light-gate data from the entire raceway for smallmouth bass that were observed using steady, mixed or unsteady locomotion. Significant differences within gaits are indicated by differing lowercase letters. (D) Mean ground speeds (vertical bars) and passage times (black circles) for smallmouth bass relative to water velocities in the raceway. Dark, intermediate and light sections within each vertical bar indicate the relative proportions (0–100%) of fish that swam at mean speeds that fell within the steady, transitional and unsteady zones. Significant differences in mean ground speed and passage time are indicated by differing lowercase and uppercase letters, respectively. Error bars in all figures indicate S.E.M.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean ground speeds (vertical bars) and passage times (black circles) for smallmouth bass in the physiology experiments that swam at mean speeds that fell within the steady, transitional or unsteady zone. Significant differences in mean ground speed and passage time are indicated by differing lowercase and uppercase letters, respectively. Positive and negative error bars indicate S.E.M. and S.D., respectively.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean post-exercise muscle glycogen (A), muscle lactate (B), plasma lactate (C) and oxygen consumption (D) values for smallmouth bass that swam at mean speeds in the steady, transitional or unsteady zones, and for groups exercised aerobically in the respirometer or chased to exhaustion. Significant differences are indicated by differing lowercase letters. Positive and negative error bars indicate S.E.M. and S.D., respectively.