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First published online February 20, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1193-1202 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00873

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Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: analysis of the behaviour under red light after pre-exposure to red light

Wolfgang Wiltschko^*, Andrea Möller, Marcus Gesson, Catrin Noll and Roswitha Wiltschko

Fachbereich Biologie und Informatik, Zoologie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Orientation behaviour of European robins under red light in spring 1999. The test conditions are indicated within the circular diagrams: C, control tests under `white' light; R, red light with a low intensity of 7x1015 quanta s–1 m–2; RX, red light with a higher intensity of 43x1015 quanta s–1 m–2; RpeR, tests under low-intensity red light after the test birds had been pre-exposed to red light; RpeRX, corresponding tests under higher intensity red light after pre-exposure to red light. The triangles at the periphery of the circles mark the mean headings of individual birds; the arrow represents the grand mean vector, with its length proportional to the radius of the circle=1. The two inner circles are the 5% (broken) and 1% significance borders of the Rayleigh test.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Orientation behaviour of robins pre-exposed to red light and to total darkness tested under red and green light in spring 2000. C, control tests under `white' light. Upper row: tests under low-intensity red light; R, normal tests; RpeR, after pre-exposure to red light; DpeR, after pre-exposure to total darkness. Lower row: tests under low-intensity green light; G, normal tests; RpeG, after pre-exposure to red light, with open symbols indicating data from 1999; DpeG, after pre-exposure to total darkness. Symbols as in Fig. 1.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Orientation behaviour of robins in autumn. C, control experiments under `white' light; G, normal tests under green light; RpeR, birds pre-exposed to red light tested under red light. Symbols as in Fig. 1.