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First published online February 20, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1085-1091 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00865
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Does she smell like a queen? Chemoreception of a cuticular hydrocarbon signal in the ant Pachycondyla inversa

Patrizia D'Ettorre1,*, Jürgen Heinze1, Claudia Schulz2, Wittko Francke2 and Manfred Ayasse3

1 Department of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
2 Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
3 Department of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany



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  		Fig. 1. Pathway for the synthesis of 3,11-dimethylheptacosane. PPh3, triphenyl phosphonium group; Pd-C, catalyst consisting of palladium on charcoal.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Differences in the cuticular level of 3,11-diMeC27 among mature queens (MQ), founding queens (FQ), virgin queens (VQ), reproductive workers (RW) and foraging workers (FW). Box plots show median, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th, percentiles. Datapoints that lie outside the 10th and 90th percentiles are shown as dots.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Scattergram of relative amount of 3,11-diMeC27 on the cuticle and total egg length (indicating ovarian activity; see Materials and methods) of mature queens (filled circles), founding queens (open squares), virgin queens (open circles), reproductive workers (triangles) and foraging workers (diamonds).

 


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  		Fig. 4. Gas chromatograph recording with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) of the cuticular extract of a P. inversa queen using an antenna of a worker of P. inversa (for the identification of the cuticular chemical profile of P. inversa, see Heinze et al., 2002Go). FID, flame ionization detector.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Reaction of the workers' antennae to different odour samples (expressed as proportions of the total reaction, N=16 for each odour). Air, filter paper without odour; solvent, pentane, 10 ng, 100 ng and 1000 ng, pentane solutions of synthetic 3,11-diMeC27, P. inv, cuticular extract of P. inversa. The response is significantly different (Friedman RM-ANOVA: Fr=16.42; P=0.006. *Significant differences (P<0.05), Wilcoxon test).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2004