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First published online January 27, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 787-801 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00788

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The giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri facilitates active NH₄⁺ excretion by increasing acid excretion and decreasing NH₃ permeability in the skin

Yuen K. Ip^1,*, David J. Randall², Timothy K. T. Kok¹, Cristiana Barzaghi¹, Patricia A. Wright³, James S. Ballantyne³, Jonathan M. Wilson⁴ and Shit F. Chew⁵

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
² Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
³ Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1
⁴ Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental-CIIMAR, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
⁵ Natural Sciences, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. A time course study on the (A) pH and (B) concentration of ammonia of the ambient seawater at a specific position of the artificial burrow in which P. schlosseri was exposed. d, days. Values are means ± S.E.M. aSignificantly different from the corresponding 0 h values, P<0.05; bsignificantly different from the corresponding 3 h values, P<0.05; significantly different from the corresponding 0, 3 and 6 h values, P<0.05; significantly different from all the preceding values, P<0.05; *significantly different from values 0 h to 5 days, P<0.05.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A) Net acid flux, (B) ammonia flux and (C) titratable acid flux (µmol h-1 g-1 fish, N=4) in P. schlosseri exposed to pH 7.0 (Control and Recovery) and various other pH values in 50% seawater. Values are means ± S.E.M. aSignificantly different from the corresponding control (pH 7.0) value, P<0.05; bsignificantly different from the corresponding experimental condition, P<0.05.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Net acid flux, (B) ammonia flux and (C) titratable acid flux (µmol h-1 g-1 fish, N=4) in P. schlosseri exposed to 8 µmol l-1 bafilomycin in 50% seawater containing 10 mmol l-1 Tris at pH 7.0 or pH 9.0, pH 7.0 (Control), pH 7.0+DMSO, pH 7.0+Bafilomycin, pH 9.0, pH 9.0+DMSO, pH 9.0+Bafilomycin, and pH 7.0 (Recovery). Values are means ± S.E.M. aSignificantly different from the corresponding control (pH 7.0) value, P<0.05; bsignificantly different from the corresponding experimental value, P<0.05; 1significantly different from the experimental pH 7.0 value, P<0.05; 2significantly different from the experimental pH 7.0+DMSO value, P<0.05; 3significantly different from the experimental pH 7.0+Bafilomycin value, P<0.05; 4significantly different from the experimental pH 9.0 value, P<0.05; 5significantly different from the experimental pH 9.0+DMSO values, P<0.05.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Net acid flux (µmol h-1 g-1 fish, N=4) in P. schlosseri exposed to (A) 50% seawater (SW) pH 7.0 or (B) 50%SW pH 8.0, containing various concentrations (10, 20 or 30 mmol l-1) of NH4Cl. Values are means ± S.E.M. aSignificantly different from the corresponding control (pH 7.0) values, P<0.05.