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First published online January 12, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 645-653 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00765

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Water calcium concentration modifies whole-body calcium uptake in sea bream larvae during short-term adaptation to altered salinities

Pedro M. Guerreiro^1,2, Juan Fuentes¹, Gert Flik², Josep Rotllant¹, Deborah M. Power¹ and Adelino V. M. Canario^1,*

¹ Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
² Department of Animal Physiology, University of Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Relationship between whole-body calcium influx and wet body mass. (B) The same relationship with calcium influx divided by body mass, referred to as specific calcium influx. Indicated are the regression lines (middle lines) and their 95% confidence limits, correlation coefficents (r0), statistical significance levels (P) and number of fish used (N).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Time-course of whole-body calcium influx rate in fish maintained at 100%SW (filled circles) and in fish transferred to 50%SW (open circles) for a 16-h period. Each point is the mean least squares adjusted for body mass (10–50 mg), and the vertical lines are their standard errors. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences to 100%SW (*P<0.01; **P<0.001) at a given time.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of salinity (filled bars) and of addition of calcium (bars with diagonal lines) or sodium (bars with horizontal lines) on sea bream larvae whole-body calcium influx after 8 h (A) or 24 h (B) exposure. At 10%SW and 25%SW, calcium and sodium were added to match levels at 100%SW. At 100%SW, calcium levels were added to match those at 150%SW (see Materials and methods and Table 1). Each bar represents the mean least squares adjusted for body mass and respective S.E.M. Identical letters indicate groups that do not differ statistically at P=0.05. The daggers indicate 100% mortality; NA, not tested.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of salinity (filled bars) and of addition of calcium (bars with diagonal lines) or sodium (bars with horizontal lines) on sea bream larvae drinking rate after 8 h (A) and 24 h (B) exposure. See legend to Fig. 3 for further details.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of salinity and of addition of calcium or sodium on estimated sea bream larvae intestinal (filled bars) and extra-intestinal (hatched bars) calcium uptake after 8 h (A) or 24 h (B) exposure. Modification in calcium and sodium in 10%SW, 25%SW and 100%SW is described in the legend to Fig. 3. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference between intestinal and extra-intestinal fluxes at P=0.05. Daggers indicate 100% mortality; NA, not tested.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between adjusted means of whole-body (squares, broken line), intestinal (circles, continuous line) and extra-intestinal (inverted triangles, dotted line) calcium uptake and environmental calcium concentration for the data from Fig. 5. Regression lines are shown, and closed and open symbols indicate, respectively, 8 h and 24 h after transfer from 100%SW to other experimental salinities.