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First published online October 21, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4067-4076 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01226

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Developmental plasticity of physiology and morphology in diet-restricted European shag nestlings (Phalacrocorax aristotelis)

Børge Moe^*, Siri Brunvoll, Daniel Mork, Trond Einar Brobakk and Claus Bech

Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Daily food intake (A) and body mass (B) as a function of age in controls (black bars and black symbols) and diet-restricted nestlings (open bars and open symbols) of European shags kept in the laboratory. The regression line of a logistic growth curve calculated from 1645 body mass measurements of nestlings fed by their parents in the colony is shown for comparison in B. Food intake is given as fresh weight of gadoid fish fillets in g day-1. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a function of body mass (Mb) in controls (filled symbols) and diet-restricted nestlings (open symbols) of European shags. The axes are log-scaled, and linear regression lines are shown for each treatment group [log RMR controls=0.87(±0.11)xlog Mb–1.62(±0.28), r=0.88; log RMR diet-restricted=0.66(±0.37)xlog Mb–1.27(±0.95), r=0.49].

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Body temperature at resting metabolic rate as a function of age in controls (filled symbols) and diet-restricted nestlings (open symbols) of European shags. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Length of skull (A), tarsus (B) and wing (C) as a function of age, as well as growth rates of the skull (D), tarsus (E) and wings (F) as a function of the body mass growth rate in control fed (filled symbols, N=5) and diet-restricted nestlings (open symbols, N=7) kept in the laboratory. The regression line of a logistic growth curve calculated from 1050 biometric measurements of nestlings fed by their parents in the colony is shown for comparison in A–C. In D–F, the growth rate of a sample of eight nestlings fed by their parents in the colony, of which we had biometric measurements at the age of 12 and 16 days, is shown for comparison (open diamonds). The growth rates were calculated for the period from the age of 12–16 days. Values are means ± 1 S.E.M.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Body composition of controls (filled symbols) and diet-restricted nestlings (open symbols) of European shags. The relationship of lipid mass (A), liver mass (B), pectoral muscle mass (C), heart mass (D), leg muscle mass (E) and intestine mass (F) to body mass. The axes are log-scaled, and the linear regression lines are shown for each treatment group. Organ and body masses are lean dry (Ld) masses in g, and lipid mass is dry mass in g.