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First published online December 10, 2003
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 325-336 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00759

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Ontogeny of osmoregulatory structures and functions in the green crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)

Ude Cieluch^1,*, Klaus Anger¹, Fabien Aujoulat², Friedrich Buchholz¹, Mireille Charmantier-Daures² and Guy Charmantie²

¹ Biologische Anstalt Helgoland/Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polarund Meeresforschung, Meeresstation, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany
² Equipe Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5000 GPIA, Université Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Carcinus maenas. (A) Variations in hemolymph osmolality in selected stages of development in relation to the osmolality of the external medium at 18°C; diagonal dashed line, isoconcentration. (B) Variations in osmoregulatory capacity (OC) at different stages of development in relation to the osmolality of the external medium; different letters near error bars indicate significant differences between stages at each salinity (P<0.05). Values are means ± S.D.; N=4-11 individuals. ZI-ZIV, zoeal stages; Meg, megalopa; CI and CII, earliest crab stages obtained from laboratory cultures; Juv, larger juveniles (14-18 mm carapace width) collected in the field.

View larger version (101K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A-F) Immunolocalization of the Na+/K+-ATPase in Carcinus maenas. (A,B) Branchial cavity of zoea IV (cuticle detached from the branchiostegite epithelia). (C,D) Branchial cavity of megalopa. (E,F) Branchial cavity of crab I (cuticle detached from branchiostegite epithelia). (A,C,E) Fluorescent micrographs. (B,D,F) Corresponding phase-contrast pictures. Ag, anterior gill; bc, branchial chamber; brst, branchiostegite; cu, cuticle; gb, gill bud; gf, gill filament; pg, posterior gill. Bars, 50 µm.

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A-F) Immunolocalization of the Na+/K+-ATPase in gills from adult Carcinus maenas. (A,B) Section of anterior gill. (C,D) Gill filaments of posterior gill. (E,F) Control section of posterior gill. (A,C,E) Fluorescent micrographs. (B,D,F) Corresponding phase-contrast pictures. Cu, cuticle; ep, epithelium; gf, gill filament; gs, gill shaft; hl, hemolymph lacuna; mv, marginal vessel; pc, pillar cell. Bars, 50 µm.

View larger version (178K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A-F) Transmission electron micrographs of Carcinus maenas epithelial gill cells in zoea IV(A), megalopa (B), juvenile crab I (C-E) and adult (F). (A) Two epithelial cells of gill buds with central nuclei surrounded by a few mitochondria. (B) Marginal tip of a posterior gill filament in megalopal stage. The development of basolateral infoldings is visible around the hemolymph lacuna, and numerous vesicles are located within the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. (C) Apical cell part of an ionocyte with mitochondria in close contact to apical microvilli, note endocuticle detached from epidermal layer. (D) High magnification of apical microvilli showing a band desmosome connection (arrow) between two neighbouring cells. (E) Basal cell part of an ionocyte with deep basolateral infoldings of the cytoplasmic membrane. Numerous elongated mitochondria are visible in close contact with basolateral infoldings. (F) Epithelial ionocyte of a posterior gill filament with apical microvilli and numerous mitochondria in close contact with basolateral infoldings of the cytoplasmic membrane. Vesicles are noticeable at apical and basal cell poles. Bm, basal membrane; cu, cuticle; hl, hemolymph lacuna; mi, mitochondrium; mv, microvilli; nu, nucleus; ve, vesicle. Bars, 2 µm (A,B); 1 µm (C-F); 0.2 µm (D).