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First published online July 26, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 2965-2970 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01131

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Magnetic sense in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, as determined by conditioning and electrocardiography

Takaaki Nishi^*, Gunzo Kawamura and Keisuke Matsumoto

Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental apparatus used for conditioning the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, to artificial magnetic fields.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The experimental apparatus produced a resultant magnetic field due to the combination of the geomagnetic field and the imposed magnetic field. The eel and the solenoid are placed in a west-east direction. When the artificial magnetic field is varied to 12 663 nT, the intensity of the resultant field becomes 34 611 nT redirected 21° easterly. The 80° redirection is not shown in this figure.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Typical electrocardiograms showing the heart beat response of Japanese eels after a set of conditioning tests. Horizontal bars mark the time scale. T1-T3 are the test heart beats. Arrows represent the onset of the artificial magnetic field.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between intensity of magnetic field imposed and maximum cardiac deceleration of Japanese eels. r, correlation coefficient; n, number of conditioning tests in which significant cardiac deceleration was recorded.