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First published online July 2, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 2793-2802 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01076

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Hypergravity from conception to adult stage: effects on contractile properties and skeletal muscle phenotype

Cyril Bozzo^1,*, Laurence Stevens¹, Valentine Bouet², Valérie Montel¹, Florence Picquet¹, Maurice Falempin¹, Michel Lacour² and Yvonne Mounier¹

¹ Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, UPRES EA 1032, IFR 118, Bâtiment SN4, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
² Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Restaurations Fonctionnelles, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6562, Université de Provence, 52, Faculté de St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Tension–pCa relationships of SOL (soleus) and PL (plantaris) fibers in control (CONT) rats and rats conceived, born and reared in hypergravity (CBR). (A) CONT and CBR T–pCa curves of slow SOL fibers (Ai) and fast PL fibers (Aii). (Bi,ii) Parametric values derived from T–pCa curves of the fibers analyzed in A. pCathr, threshold for Ca2+ activation; pCa50, pCa at which tension is half maximum; nH, Hill coefficient. Values are means ± S.E.M. Curves were fitted according to the Hill equation. *Significantly different from CONT (P<0.05).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Expression of troponin (Tn) protein isoforms. (A) ECL profiles of soleus (SOL) and plantaris (PL) in control (CONT) rats and rats conceived, born and reared in hypergravity (CBR), obtained by immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE in a 10%–20% gel. (B) Relative amounts of Tn (T, I, C) isoforms electrophoretically separated. For TnT subunit, each slow or fast isoform was expressed as a percentage within the total amount of slow (TnTs) or fast (TnTf) isoforms, respectively. For TnI and TnC subunits, each slow (or fast) isoform was expressed in % of the total amount of (slow + fast) isoforms. *Significantly different from CONT (P<0.05).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Spots of MLC2 isoforms as they appeared in 2-D gel electrophoresis of soleus muscles from control rats (CONT) and rats conceived, born and reared in hypergravity (CBR). s, s1 and f, see text for explanation.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Expression patterns of MHC protein and mRNA isoforms (A) SDS-PAGE (7.5%) of MHC isoforms of soleus (SOL) and plantaris (PL) from CONT and CBR rats. (B) Relative amounts of MHC protein isoforms in SOL and PL muscles from CONT and CBR rats. Each isoform was expressed as a percentage of total MHC isoforms. (C) Relative amounts of MHC mRNA isoforms in SOL and PL muscles from CONT and CBR rats. The absolute MHC mRNA isoforms were obtained by RT–PCR and expressed as percentages of total mRNA isoforms. *Significantly different from CONT (P<0.05). Values are means ± S.E.M.; invisible error bars are compressed in the histogram thickness.