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First published online July 2, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 2735-2743 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01087

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Heat induced male sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: adaptive genetic variations among geographic populations and role of the Y chromosome

Céline Rohmer, Jean R. David, Brigitte Moreteau and Dominique Joly^*

CNRS–UPR 9034, Avenue de la Terrasse, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, F-91 198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Sterility curves, after logistic adjustment as a function of growth temperature for two temperate (Prunay and Draveil) and two tropical (Niamey and Delhi) populations. Each point is based on the data from 50 males grown in at least three different vials. Characteristic values for Prunay and Delhi are given in Table 2. For Draveil and Niamey, the slope coefficients at inflection point (SIPs) are, respectively, 11.21±1.56 and 3.51±0.32, and the temperatures at inflection point (TIPs) are 29.22±0.03°C and 30.24±0.03°C.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Temperatures at inflection point (50% sterile males) in parents, F1, F2 (white circle) and of successive backcrosses (see Table 2). (A) The Y chromosome of Delhi is introduced into the Prunay background. (B) The Y chromosome of Prunay is introduced into the Delhi background. Horizontal arrows in each graph show the temperatures at inflection point of the two parental lines: Delhi (top) and Prunay (bottom). From G3 to G6, values are not different and the mean is illustrated by a dotted line. The respective roles of Y and genetic background are indicated.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Variation of male recovery time as a function of their developmental temperature. Young males were isolated with three normal virgin females and transferred at 21°C. Recovery is the mean age at which the first progeny was observed. Differences between the two populations are highly significant for growth temperatures of 29.5, 30 and 30.5°C (Student's t-test, P=0.001).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Fertility recovery (estimated after dissection) when males, grown at a sterilizing temperature, are transferred at a mild permissive temperature. Males of the Delhi strain were grown at 31°C, those of the Prunay strain at 30°C. Data are adjusted to a logistic function. r2= 0.992 for Delhi and r2=0.960 for Prunay.

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Variability of sperm nuclei in cysts at their maximum elongation. (A,C,E,G) Delhi series; (B,D,F,H) Prunay series. (A,B) Males grown at 21°C; (C–H) males grown at 31°C. The various abnormalities of nucleus elongation and condensation observed at 31°C were found in the two populations but at different frequencies (see text). (A,B) Normal cysts with condensed chromatin in all apical nuclei (21°C); (C,D) rounded nuclei with variable levels of chromatin condensation (31°C); (E,F) irregular-shaped nuclei with variable levels of chromatin condensation (31°C); (G) rounded nuclei located in abnormal position along the cyst (31°C); (H) normal condensation of nuclei located in abnormal position along the cyst (31°C). Scale bar, 10 µm.