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First published online June 16, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 2611-2619 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01051

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Local action of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the skin blood flow of rock pigeons (Columba livia) is affected by acclimation and skin site

Liisa M. Peltonen^1,* and Ahti Pyörnilä²

¹ Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Physiology, 00014 University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, FIN 00014 Helsinki, Finland
² Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN 90014 Oulu, Finland

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Baseline blood flow over the dorsal and abdominal skin. (A) Winter-acclimatized (WAC) pigeons (95% confidence interval –171.9 to –81.17). (B) Thermally non-challenged (NOC) pigeons (95% confidence interval –89.69 to –22.47). BPU, blood perfusion unit. The box extends from the 25th to the 75th percentile, with a line at the median (50th percentile). The `whiskers' extend above and below the box to show the highest and lowest values.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Blood flow over the (A,B) dorsal and (C,D) abdominal skin of one winter-acclimatized pigeon (Columba livia). (A) Control. (B) Nitric oxide (NO) gel treatment. (C) Control. (D) NO gel treatment. BPU, blood perfusion unit. The arrow denotes the time of gel application. Stabilized blood flow over a 10-min period is presented as charts based on raw numerical flow data.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Blood flow over the (A,B) dorsal and (C,D) abdominal skin of one thermally non-challenged pigeon (Columba livia). (A) Control. (B) Nitric oxide (NO) gel treatment. (C) Control. (D) NO gel treatment. BPU, blood perfusion unit. The arrow denotes the time of gel application. Stabilized blood flow over a 10-min period is presented as charts based on raw numerical flow data.

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in blood flow over the dorsal and abdominal skin after topical application of the vehicle (controls and , respectively) and NO-generating gel (treatments and , respectively) in five winter-acclimatized pigeons (Columba livia). Zero denotes the baseline flow. BPU, blood perfusion unit.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Changes in blood flow over the dorsal and abdominal skin after topical application of the vehicle (controls and , respectively) and NO-generating gel (treatments and , respectively) in six thermally non-challenged pigeons (Columba livia). Zero denotes the baseline flow. BPU, blood perfusion unit.

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