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Fig. 3. Axial and bending strains in the radius determined from the cranio-caudal
longitudinal principal strain data based on means for the individual trials at
a given speed and gait for all small and intermediate animals. (A) Axial
strain ( ax), (B) bending strain (b) and (C)
percentage of total strain due to bending plotted versus speed. Data
for the small and intermediate groups are represented by circles and squares,
respectively. Data for walking, trotting and galloping trials are represented
by open, filled and open with a dot symbols, respectively. The solid
regression line is fit to the data for the small group. The broken line is fit
to the data for the intermediate group. In A, the equations of the regression
lines (±95% CI for the slope, r2) for the small and
intermediate groups are y=–49.7–60.8x
(±22.5, r2=0.48) and
y=–186.9–48.6x (±89.7,
r2=0.04), respectively. In B, small,
y=44.3+241.3x (±58.8, r2=0.68);
intermediate, y=312.5+147.2x (±53.0,
r2=0.54). In C, small, y=69.0+2.4x
(±3.7, r2=0.05); intermediate,
y=65.0+2.3x (±6.5, r2=0.02). The
mean percentage of strain due to bending observed for the adult group is
indicated at 89% (Biewener and Taylor,
1986 ). Due to the large variation among individuals within each
size/age group, trends from the small and intermediate groups are not
significantly different. One goat from the small group (triangles) exhibited
tensile axial strains and, although shown, was not included in the analyses of
loading mode. The outlying tensile axial strains of this animal resulted from
a strain distribution in which both the cranial and caudal surfaces were
loaded in longitudinal tension and were near the neutral axis of bending,
corresponding to the low strains that were recorded at the time of peak strain
on the two surfaces.
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