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First published online April 8, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1683-1688 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00941
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Bumblebee search time without ultraviolet light

Adrian G. Dyer1,3,* and Lars Chittka1,2

1 Zoologie II, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
2 School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
3 School of Orthoptics, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086, Australia



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  		Fig. 1. Colour stimuli and illumination sources. (A) Spectral irradiance of the UV+ (thin line) and UV–(bold line) illumination sources. (B) Spectral reflectance of a tomato plant flower (broken line), an artificial model flower (bold line) and the green foraging background (thin line). (C) Colour loci of stimuli in a colour hexagon assuming adaptation of the visual system to the green background colour in the UV+ and UV–illumination conditions. E, excitation; B, blue; G, green; UV, ultraviolet.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Search time for bumblebees to find the first flower in the flight arena during a 20-bout evaluation of foraging efficiency. Illumination conditions were changed just prior to the 11th foraging bout. Five different bees are used in each of the three test conditions; values are means ± S.E.M. (A) Mean data for five bees searching for 26 mm star shaped model flowers initially in UV+ and then UV–conditions. (B) Mean data for five bees searching for 15 mm model flowers initially in UV+ and then UV–conditions. (C) Mean data for five bees searching for 15 mm model flowers initially in UV–and then UV+ conditions.

 




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