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First published online November 24, 2003
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 47-53 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00732

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Insect oviposition induces volatile emission in herbaceous plants that attracts egg parasitoids

Stefano Colazza^1,*, Alessandro Fucarino¹, Ezio Peri¹, Gianandrea Salerno², Eric Conti² and Ferdinando Bin²

¹ Department of S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo. - Entomology Acarology and Zoology, University of Palermo, Italy
² Department of Arboriculture and Plant Protection - Entomology, University of Perugia, Italy

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Response of T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer to volatiles from differently treated plants (test) of V. faba (A,B) or P. vulgaris (C) versus undamaged plants (control): (A) volatiles from feeding damaged leaves; (B,C) volatiles from feeding damaged leaves with egg masses (24 h old). N = number of replicates. Bars represent means ± S.D. for the time spent by the wasp females in both the arms over an observation period of 600 s. Different letters indicate significant differences determined by t-tests for paired samples.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Response of T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer to volatiles from N. viridula egg masses offered (A) alone or (B) combined with V. faba leaves damaged by feeding activity (test) versus undamaged leaves offered in the control arm. N = number of replicates. Bars represent means ± S.D. for the time spent by the wasp females in both the arms over an observation period of 600 s. Different letters indicate significant differences determined by t-tests for paired samples.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Response of T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer to volatiles from systemically induced V. faba leaves (test) versus undamaged leaves (control). N = number of replicates. Bars represent means ± S.D. for the time spent by the wasp females in both the arms over an observation period of 600 s. Different letters indicate significant differences evaluated by t-test for paired samples.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Response of T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer to volatiles from V. faba leaves damaged by feeding activity and with (A) a 72-96-h-old egg mass and (B) a hatched egg mass (120 h old) (test) versus undamaged leaves offered in the control arm. N = number of replicates. Bars represent means ± S.D. for the time spent by the wasp females in both the arms over an observation period of 600 s. Different letters indicate significant differences determined by t-tests for paired samples.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean linear speed of T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer in the presence of volatiles from differently treated leaves of V. faba. 'Fed no egg' = leaves damaged by feeding activity (see Fig. 1A); 'fed & egg' = leaves damaged by feeding activity with one egg mass less then 24 h old (see Fig. 1B); 'systemic' = systemically induced leaves (see Fig. 3). N = number of replicates. Bars represent means ± S.E.M. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 (ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test).