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Heterothermy and the water economy of free-living Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

Stéphane Ostrowski1,*, Joseph B. Williams2 and Khairi Ismael1

1 National Wildlife Research Center, PO Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA



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  		Fig. 1. Air temperature (open circles) and solar radiation (filled circles) versus time of day in Mahazat as-Sayd for summer and winter between May 1998 and September 2001. Values are means ± S.D.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Mean body temperature of six free-ranging Arabian oryx as a function of time of day. Means ± S.D. for 59 days and 12 nights between May 1998 and September 2001.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Heat storage of six free-ranging Arabian oryx versus (A) daily variation in air temperature (Ta,max–Ta,min), (B) maximum air temperature (Ta,max) and (C) minimum air temperature (Ta,min) during the summer and winter in Mahazat as-Sayd.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Proportion of time spent active (bars) and mean body temperature (line) for Arabian oryx during summer (N=14 oryx) and winter (N=17 oryx) in Mahazat as-Sayd. Where there was more than one sample from an individual, a single mean was calculated.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Gradient between body temperature and air temperature (Tb–Ta) as a function of time of day in six Arabian oryx during summer and winter in Mahazat as-Sayd.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003