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Skiing across the Greenland icecap: divergent effects on limb muscle adaptations and substrate oxidation

Jørn W. Helge1,*, Carsten Lundby1, Dirk L. Christensen2, Jozef Langfort3, Laurent Messonnier1, Morten Zacho1, Jesper L. Andersen1 and Bengt Saltin1

1 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, National University Hospital, Denmark
2 Department of Applied Physiology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
3 Department STAPS, University of Savoie, France



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  		Fig. 1. Capillarisation (A) and fibre area (B) in triceps brachii and vastus lateralis before and after crossing the Greenland icecap on cross-country skies. The asterisks represent the number of subjects in which the change is observed, compared with the pre-test, followed by the total number of subjects.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at two submaximal exercise loads during arm (A) or leg (B) ergometer exercise before and after crossing the Greenland icecap on cross-country skies. The asterisks represent the number of subjects in which the change is observed, compared with the pre-test, followed by the total number of subjects.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Blood concentrations of glucose (A), lactate (B), fatty acid (FA) (C) and glycerol (D) at rest, during submaximal exercise (45 W and 100 W), after maximal exercise (max.) and after a 3 min recovery period (recov.) in arms and legs before and after crossing the Greenland icecap on cross-country skies. * In 4 of 4 subjects.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Fasting insulin concentration (A) and calculated HOMA insulin resistance index (B) before and after crossing the Greenland icecap on cross-country skies. Individual values are represented by circles and mean values are represented by bars. The asterisks represent the number of subjects in which the change is observed, compared with the pre-test, followed by the total number of subjects.

 

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