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Comparative analysis of nitric oxide and SALMFamide neuropeptides as general muscle relaxants in starfish

Richard Melarange and Maurice R. Elphick^*

School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Diagram showing how a tube foot preparation was linked to an isotonic force transducer to facilitate investigation of the effects of SNAP, S1 and S2 on tube foot length.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Representative relaxation responses of the cardiac stomach to treatment with 10 µmol l-1 SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine), 10 µmol l-1 S1 or 10 µmol l-1 S2 from one of five preparations tested (see Fig. 4 for a graphical representation of data from all five preparations).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Graphs comparing the mean relaxation responses (± S.E.M.) of cardiac stomach (N=5), tube foot (N=6) and apical muscle (N=6) preparations to 10 µmol l-1 SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine), 10 µmol l-1 S1 and 10 µmol l-1 S2, expressed as a percentage of the responses to SNAP.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Representative relaxation responses of (A) a tube foot or (B) apical muscle to treatment with 10 µmol l-1 SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine), 10 µmol l-1 S1 or 10 µmol l-1 S2 from one of six preparations tested (see Fig. 4 for a graphical representation of data from all six preparations).