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Condition, prolonged swimming performance and muscle metabolic capacities of cod Gadus morhua

M. Martínez¹, H. Guderley^1,*, J.-D. Dutil², P. D. Winger³, P. He³ and S. J. Walsh⁴

¹ Université Laval, Cité Universitaire, Québec, G1K7P4, Canada.
² Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, 850, route de la Mer, CP 1000, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4, Canada
³ Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, PO Box 4920, St John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5R3, Canada
⁴ Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch PO Box 5667, St John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5X1, Canada

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. White and red muscle were sampled along the length of the cod body (1) behind the head, (2) in the middle of the body and (3) at the caudal peduncle.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Activities of glycolytic, mitochondrial and biosynthetic enzymes in white muscle, sampled at three sites along the length of the body (behind the head, in the middle of the body and at the caudal peduncle) in starved and fed cod. Values are means ± S.E.M. Letters indicate statistical differences among the sampling positions in each treatment (starved and fed); two columns with the same letter do not differ (a posteriori comparisons, P<0.05). PFK, phosphofructokinase; PK, pyruvate kinase; CK, creatine kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CCO, cytochrome c oxidase; CS, citrate synthase; NDPK, nucleoside diphosphate kinase.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Activities of glycolytic, mitochondrial and biosynthetic enzymes in red muscle, sampled at three sites along the length of the body (behind the head, in the middle of the body and at the caudal peduncle) in starved and fed cod. Values are means ± S.E.M. Letters by the error bars indicate statistical differences among the sampling positions in each treatment (starved and fed); two columns with the same letter do not differ (a posteriori comparisons, P<0.05). For enzyme abbreviations, see Fig. 2.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Concentration of total protein, in red and white muscle, sampled at three sites along the length of the body (behind the head, in the middle of the body and at the caudal peduncle) in starved and fed cod. Values are means ± S.E.M. Letters indicate statistical differences among the sampling positions in each treatment (starved and fed); two columns with the same letter do not differ (a posteriori comparisons, P<0.05).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Glycogen and water content in white and red muscle, sampled at three sites along the length of the body (behind the head, in the middle of the body and at the caudal peduncle) in starved and fed cod. Values are means ± S.E.M. Glycogen content was significantly higher in fed than in starved fish in both types of muscle (P<0.0001). For water content, letters indicate statistical differences among the sampling positions in each treatment (starved and fed); two columns with the same letter do not differ (a posteriori comparisons, P<0.05).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Lactate concentration in white muscle, sampled after the swim test in starved and fed cod. Statistical differences (P value) between groups are indicated.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Time (s) and distance (m) swum by starved and fed cod. Statistical differences (P value) between groups are indicated.