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Endogenous and exogenous ice-nucleating agents constrain supercooling in the hatchling painted turtle

Jon P. Costanzo*, Patrick J. Baker, Stephen A. Dinkelacker and Richard E. Lee, Jr

Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA



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Fig. 1. Temperatures of crystallization (Tc) of Chrysemys picta reared on different experimental substrata and tested shortly after hatching (summer) or after acclimation to 4°C (winter). Mean values (± S.E.M., N=10 replicates per group) identified by different letters are statistically different (ANOVA/Student—Newman—Keuls multiple comparisons test; P<0.05).

 


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Fig. 2. Temperatures of crystallization (Tc) of Chrysemys picta, reared on vermiculite and acclimated to 4°C, after ingesting a small amount of autoclaved nesting soil or a washing of non-autoclaved nesting soil. Control turtles ingested vehicle (water) or nothing (sham-fed). Turtles were tested 24 h or 33 days after treatment. Mean values (± S.E.M., N=5 replicates per group) identified by different letters are statistically different (ANOVA/Student—Newman—Keuls multiple comparisons test; P<0.05).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003