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First published online October 10, 2003
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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes apoptosis in developing sea urchin embryos

Michael P. Lesser*, Valerie A. Kruse and Thomas M. Barry

Department of Zoology and Center for Marine Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA



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  		Fig. 1. DNA damage measured as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (means ± S.D.) of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) embryos exposed to UVR in the five treatment groups. Treatment groups that share superscripts within each developmental stage of the experiment are not significantly different from one another using multiple comparison testing (SNK) at a significance level of 0.05%.

 


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  		Fig. 2. (A) Superoxide dismutase protein (SOD) concentration measured as optical density (relative units) of immunoblots of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) embryos exposed to UVR in the five treatment groups. (B) p53 protein concentration measured as optical density of immunoblots of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) embryos exposed to UVR at five different wavelengths (treatment groups). (C) p21 protein concentration measured as optical density of immunoblots of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) embryos exposed to UVR in the five treatment groups. (D) cdc2 protein concentration measured as optical density of immunoblots of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) freshly fertilized embryos exposed to UVR in the five treatment groups. See representative immunoblot above each bar graph. N=3 samples for each treatment (i.e. filter); values are means ± S.D. of relative optical density. Treatment groups that share superscripts are not significantly different from one another using multiple comparison testing (SNK) at a significance level of 0.05%. FFE, freshly fertilized embryos.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Freshly fertilized embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis after exposure to UVR at five different wavelengths (treatment groups). DNA damage was assessed by TUNEL-positive fluorescence, which reveals cells with DNA strand damage. See text for details. (A) 280 nm, (B) 305 nm, (C) 320 nm, (D) 375 nm, (E) 400 nm. Magnification 100x. (F) Single nuclei after 280 nm treatment; magnification 5500x.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003