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First published online September 9, 2003
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The three-dimensional flow field generated by a feeding calanoid copepod measured using digital holography

Edwin Malkiel1, Jian Sheng1, Joseph Katz1,* and J. Rudi Strickler2

1 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
2 Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, USA



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  		Fig. 1. Optical setup for digital in-line holography and test section.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Recording and reconstruction of an object near a mirror.

 


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  		Fig. 3. A sample digital hologram containing two views of the same swimming copepod in a seeded test section. Scale bar, 1 mm.

 


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  		Fig. 4. In-focus, numerically reconstructed, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the same swimming copepod, from the hologram of Fig. 3. s, setae on antennule; f, feeding appendages; p, tracer particle (there are many). Inserts show the feeding appendages in up-stroke (top) and down-stroke (bottom) positions. Scale bar, 1 mm.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Measured instantaneous velocity near the copepod (A) in the ambient frame of reference, and (B) in the copepod frame of reference.

 


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  		Fig. 6. Particle streaks in the copepod reference frame obtained by combining 130 appropriately shifted reconstructed images. In all cases the dorsal and lateral views are in focus.

 


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  		Fig. 7. Selected particle tracks (1-6) in 3 dimensions. A-A, see inset in Fig. 8.

 


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  		Fig. 8. Speeds of selected particles (1-6) approaching feeding appendages. Inset: Horizontal velocity component w near tail along line A-A of Fig. 7. z axis origin at center of mass.

 


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  		Fig. 9. Flow field generated by a Stokeslet (see Equation 3) at (A) the absolute reference frame and (B) the reference frame sinking at 0.33Uref.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003