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First published online September 9, 2003

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A comparison of the effects of environmental ammonia exposure on the Asian freshwater stingray Himantura signifer and the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro

Yuen K. Ip^1,*, Wai L. Tam¹, Wai P. Wong¹, Ai M. Loong¹, Kum C. Hiong¹, James S. Ballantyne² and Shit F. Chew³

¹ Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
² Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1
³ Natural Sciences, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in the urea excretion rate (µmol day-1 g-1 fish) of Himantura signifer (open bars; N=10) or Potamotrygon motoro (filled bars; N=5) during 4 days of exposure to environmental ammonia (10 mmol l-1 NH4Cl). Results represent means ± S.E.M. aSignificantly different from H. signifer control values (P<0.05). bSignificantly different from H. signifer day 1 values (P<0.05). *Significantly different from the corresponding H. signifer value.