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Regeneration of ultraviolet-sensitive cones in the retinal cone mosaic of thyroxin-challenged post-juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Craig W. Hawryshyn^*, Garnet Martens, W. Ted Allison and Bradley R. Anholt

Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020 Stn. CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Retinal maps showing the distribution of mosaic types for each group. Retinas are oriented with the dorsal pole (D) at the top and the nasal pole (N) at the left. SQ, square mosaic [ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones completely missing]; CSQ, complete square mosaic; R, row mosaic (UVS cones completely missing); IR, incomplete row mosaic (most UVS cones missing); CR, complete row mosaic; SR, square-row mosaic; CSR, complete square-row mosaic; AR, alternating row mosaic. Scale bar, 10 mm.

View larger version (177K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mosaic types present in the rainbow trout smolt retina. (A) Complete square mosaic. (B) Incomplete square mosaic. (C) Complete row mosaic. (D) Incomplete row mosaic. (E) Complete square-row mosaic. Note the large single cones identified by the white arrowheads. (F) Incomplete square-row mosaic. For all mosaics, arrows point to short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cones, while arrowheads point to ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones (complete mosaics) or where UVS cones are missing (incomplete mosaics). Scale bars, 20 µm for all mosaics.

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Confirmation of cone identity by in situ hybridization using riboprobes against ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) and short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) opsins. (A) SWS opsin mRNA appears only in the central single cones. (B,C) UVS opsin mRNA appears only in the corner single cones. Arrowheads point to the partitioning membrane of the double cones. The partitioning membrane points to the central single (SWS) cone. A and B are 10 µm cryosections of retina in a tangential plane, and in situ labelling is represented by a dark precipitate. C is whole-mount retina in a tangential view, with fluorescent labelling of riboprobe. Scale bars, 10 µm.

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. First principal component scores (overall density and size of blue and double cones; see Table 1 for loadings) ± S.E.M. of control (C) and thyroxin (T4)-treated rainbow trout smolts from the initiation of the experiment (week 0) until termination (week 6).

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Second principal component scores (relative distribution of cones; see Table 1 for loadings) ± S.E.M. of control (C) and thyroxin (T4)-treated rainbow trout smolts from the initiation of the experiment (week 0) until termination (week 6). The value of PC2 is significantly different between C and T4 (see Table 2).

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