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Visual resolution of gratings by the compound eye of the bee Apis mellifera

G. Adrian Horridge

Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Summary of results. (A) Data from Srinivasan and Lehrer (1988). (B) Data from Fig. 3A–C. (C) Data from Fig. 3D,E. Values are means ± S.D. calculated for n=200. H, horizontal; V, vertical.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The modified Y-choice apparatus. The bees enter at the front through a hole 5 cm diameter into a choice chamber, from which they can see both targets. They decide to enter through one of the baffle orifices 5 cm wide. To prevent the bees from learning which side to go, the targets and the reward change sides every 5 min. Odours are extracted by the air pipes. +, rewarded training pattern; –, training pattern without reward.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Training without green contrast. (A) Discrimination between horizontal and vertical coarse gratings, both rotated by 180° every 5 min to shuffle bar positions. (B) Test on coarse versus fine sector patterns. (C) Train and test on the same patterns as in A, rotated by 45°. +, rewarded training pattern; –, training pattern without reward.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The gratings used in the resolution tests. (A) The bees were trained on vertical versus horizontal gratings of period 5° with baffles in place. They were tested with vertical or horizontal gratings of various periods. The results are given in Fig. 4B. (B) New bees were trained on coarse oblique gratings or (C) with fine gratings of various periods. The results are given in Fig. 4B. (D,E) The bees were trained on a grating of period 5° versus grey. The grating alternated between horizontal (H) and vertical (V) every 5 min to remove the orientation cue. The results of tests with H gratings versus grey and V gratings versus grey are given in Fig. 4C. +, rewarded training pattern; –, training pattern without reward.