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Predicting metabolic rate from heart rate in juvenile Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus

Jan M. McPhee^*, David A. S. Rosen, Russel D. Andrews and Andrew W. Trites

Marine Mammal Research Unit and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Hut B-3, 6248 Biological Sciences Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
Present address: Alaska SeaLife Centre and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, PO Box 1329, Seward, Alaska 99664, USA

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The relationship between heart rate (beats min–1) and rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2 h–1 kg–0.60) in each of the four sub-adult Steller sea lions, plotted with the corresponding least-squares fitted linear regression (see Table 2). Each regression was fitted to all types of data available in an animal's set: swim and dry trials, and holds. See text for details.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Residuals (y-axis) in chronological order of data collection (x-axis) for each of the four sub-adult Steller sea lions. Lowess-smoothed curves have been fitted to the data.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Linear regressions (from Fig. 1) for all four sea lions and (B) the mean regression [O2= (71.3fH±4.3)–(1138.5±369.6), r2= 0.69] shown with all sea lion data.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time series of heart rate (beats min–1) (open squares, broken lines) and rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2 h–1 kg–0.60) (filled squares, solid lines) in a male Steller sea lion after 6 and 12 kg feedings. See text and Table 3 for regression parameters.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between postprandial heart rate (beats min–1) and rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2 h–1 kg–0.60) as determined in a male Steller sea lion after a bulk feed of 6 kg (open squares) or 12 kg (filled squares). Data points, consisting of mean fH and O2 values at 5 min intervals, were collected between 30 min and 4 h after feeding. The regression equation for the pooled feeding data is O2=(29.7fH±4.0)+(2136.6±320.5), r2=0.20, P<0.01. The fasting regression line (O2=(71.3fH–4.3)–(1138.5–369.6), r2=0.69, P=<0.01) is shown for comparison.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The relationship between heart rate (beats min–1) and rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2 h–1 kg–1) in Steller sea lions [O2=(0.19fH±0.02)–(4.12±1.68), r2=0.69] shown, for comparison, with that determined in other pinniped species (Fedak, 1986; Williams et al., 1991; Butler et al., 1992; Boyd et al., 1995, 1999).

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