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Physiological responses of Houbara bustards to high ambient temperatures

B. Irene Tieleman1,*, Joseph B. Williams2, Frédéric LaCroix3,{ddagger} and Patrick Paillat3

1 Zoological Laboratory, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands,
2 Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and
3 National Wildlife Research Center, PO Box 1086, Taif, Saudi Arabia
{dagger} Present address: Morocco Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation, Province de Boulemane, BP47-Missour, Morocco



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Fig. 1. Metabolic rate (A), total evaporative water loss (TEWL) (B) and body temperature (C) of captive-reared Houbara bustards during summer.

 


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Fig. 2. (A) Change in body temperature (dTb/dt) and (B) dry heat transfer coefficient h of captive-reared Houbara bustards during summer. The line in B connects the mean h at each air temperature.

 


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Fig. 3. Metabolic rate (A,B), total evaporative water loss (TEWL) (C,D) and body temperature (Tb) (E,F) of captive-reared Houbara bustards during summer (open circles, solid lines) and during winter (filled circles, dotted lines) and of wild birds during winter (filled squares, dashed lines) at 35 (A,C,E) and 50°C (B,D,F). Significant differences among groups are indicated in the top left corner: NS, not significant; *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

 


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Fig. 4. (A,B) Changes in body temperature (dTb/dt) and (B,D) dry heat transfer coefficient h of captive-reared Houbara bustards during summer (September 1997) (open circles, solid line) and during winter (December 1999) (filled circles, dotted line) and of wild birds during winter (December 1999) (filled squares, dashed line) at 35 (A,C) and 50°C (B,D). Significant differences among groups are indicated in the top left corner: NS, not significant; *P<0.05.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002