Do muscles function as adaptable locomotor springs?
Stan L. Lindstedt1,*,
Trude E. Reich1,
Paul Keim1 and
Paul C. LaStayo2
1 Physiology and Functional Morphology Group, Department of Biological
Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640,
USA
2 Department of Physical Therapy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
86011-5640, USA

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Fig. 1. When subjects were asked to hop in place at a `comfortable frequency', they
chose a highly reproducible body-size-dependent frequency. After 8 weeks of
high-force eccentric training, all experimental subjects (N=7) hopped
at a higher frequency while the concentrically trained controls (N=6)
showed no change in frequency. Values are means + S.E.M. NS, not
significant.
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Fig. 2. A group of high school basketball players engaged in either high-force
eccentric training or traditional weight-lifting for 6 weeks. Following the
training period, all the eccentrically trained subjects (N=6)
increased their maximum jump height but none of the control subjects
(N=6) did so. Jump height is defined as the maximum height achieved
in three jump attempts. Values are means + S.E.M. NS, not significant.
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Fig. 3. SDSPAGE analysis of titin isoform expression in quadriceps (vastus)
muscles of cow, dog, rabbit and mouse. Cow vastus appears to express three
titin bands, while dog, rabbit and mouse each express two. Looking at the most
abundant isoform within each muscle type, there is a noticeable shift in
expression from the largest, and hence most compliant, isoform (in the cow) to
the smallest, stiffest isoform (in the mouse). The lowest mobility band
present in each lane is nebulin (780 kDa).
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002