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The molecular basis for spectral tuning of rod visual pigments in deep-sea fish

David M. Hunt1,*, Kanwaljit S. Dulai1, Julian C. Partridge3, Phillippa Cottrill1 and James K. Bowmaker2

1 Departments of Molecular Genetics and
2 Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK and
3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK



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  		Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of opsin gene sequences. The tree was generated by the neighbour-joining method (Saitou and Nei, 1987). The bootstrap confidence values are shown for each branch. The scale bar is calibrated at 0.02 substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers: Fugu rod-line brain AF201472, Goldfish rod L11863, blue cone L11864, green cone l11865 and red cone L11867; chicken rod D00702, violet cone M92039, blue cone M92057, green cone M92038 and red cone X57490, and Drosophila Rh3 M17718.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Deduced amino acid sequences of deep-sea fish. The seven {alpha}-helical regions as determined from the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin (Palczewski et al., 2000) are boxed. Identical residues are indicated by a dot, missing data by a dash.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Phylogeny of deep-sea fish species. The amino acid residues at each of the nine candidate tuning sites are identified and the deduced position within the tree of each substitution is shown.

 

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