Fig. 1.V·O2max measured before, during the course of and after a typical exposure to altitude for an expedition to Mount Everest base camp (open symbols, sea-level measurements; filled symbols, altitude measurements. Values are means ± S.E.M. for 10 subjects. The asterisk demonstrates that the pre-exposure value is significantly different from all other measurements (P<0.05). From Cerretelli and Hoppeler, 1996, with permission.
Fig. 2. Micrograph of a section of muscle tissue from a subject after exposure to chronic hypoxia. An accumulation of the degradation piment lipofuscin (lf) can be seen close to a myonucleus (N). li, lipid droplet; mf, myofibrils; mi, mitochondria. From Cerretelli and Hoppeler (1996).
Fig. 3. Percentage changes in levels of mRNAs coding for the regulatory subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) (A), phosphofructokinase (PKF) (B), myoglobin (C) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (D) after 6 weeks of endurance training in hypoxia (Hyp) or normoxia (Nor) at individual anaerobic threshold (high) or at a level of training approximately 25% below individual anaerobic threshold (low) (Vogt et al., 2001). Pre-training values are normalized to 100%. Values are means + S.E.M. (N=8 for both normoxia groups; N=7 for both hypoxia groups). *Significant difference between pre- and post-training values (P<0.05); a tendency for a difference between pre- and post-training values (P<0.10).
Fig. 4. Percentage changes in mitochondrial volume density Vv(mt,f) (A) and the length density of capillaries Jv(c,f) (B) after 6 weeks of endurance training in hypoxia (Hyp) or normoxia (Nor) at individual anaerobic threshold (high) or at a level of training approximately 25% below individual anaerobic threshold (low) (Vogt et al., 2001). Values are means + S.E.M. (N=8 for both normoxia groups; N=7 for both hypoxia groups). *Significant difference between pre- and post-training values (P<0.05).
a tendency for a difference between pre- and post-training values (P<0.10).