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Haemolymph sugar levels in foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica): dependence on metabolic rate and in vivo measurement of maximal rates of trehalose synthesis

Jasmina Blatt^* and Flavio Roces

Theodor-Boveri-Institut der Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie II, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig.1. Metabolic rate CO2 of honeybees versus temperature T of the respirometric chamber, CO2=12.19–0.261T; N=110, r=-0.91, P<0.0001). Each point represents a single bee fed either 15%, 30% or 50% sucrose solution.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig.2. Relationship between the sugar transport rate through the proventriculus and the CO2 production of bees fed 30µl of one of three different sucrose solutions. Each point represents a single bee. The lines in the graphs are not regression lines but are normlines, representing the expected sugar transport rate, calculated from the measured CO2 production, assuming all the metabolic expenditure to be met from the imbibed sucrose solution. (A) Bees fed 15% sucrose solution that remained in the gas exchange chamber for 15min. (B) Bees fed 30% sucrose solution that remained in the gas exchange chamber for 30min. (C) Bees fed 50% sucrose solution, measured over 60min.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig.3. Haemolymph levels of various sugars versus metabolic rate for bees fed 15% sucrose solution (same individuals as in Fig.2A). Haemolymph samples were taken 15min after feeding ended. Each symbol represents one bee. Note the different scales on the ordinates. Total haemolymph sugar levels (CTot) decrease significantly with increasing metabolic rate CO2 above 4.5mlCO2h-1 (see text).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig.4. Haemolymph sugar levels versus metabolic rate for bees fed 30% sucrose solution (same individuals as in Fig.2B). Haemolymph samples were taken 30min after feeding ended. Each symbol represents one bee. Note the different scales on the ordinates.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig.5. Haemolymph sugar levels versus metabolic rate for bees fed 50% sucrose solution (same individuals as in Fig.2C). Haemolymph samples were taken 60min after feeding ended. Each symbol represents one bee. Note the different scales on the ordinates.