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Structure–function relationships of A-, F- and V-ATPases

Gerhard Grüber1,*, Helmut Wieczorek2, William R. Harvey3 and Volker Müller4

1 FR 2.5 Biophysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Germany,
2 Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany,
3 Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL 32080, USA and
4 Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80638, München, Germany



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  		Fig.1. The crystal structure of the bovine F1-ATPase (Gibbons et al., 2000) superimposed on an envelope of the hydrated E. coli F1-ATPase ({alpha}3ß3{gamma}{delta}{epsilon}), derived from X-ray small-angle scattering (shown in grey; Svergun et al., 1998b). The crystallographic cordinates were taken from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (Bernstein et al., 1977), entry 1E79. View A was rotated counterclockwise by 90° around the y axis and view B around the z-axis.

 


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  		Fig.2. Surface representation of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the V1-ATPase from Manduca sexta determined from negatively stained specimens (Grüber et al., 2000a). An asymmetric (as), and a more centrally located (ce) extension can be seen above a subunit AB-interface. ec, protuberance. Bar, 100Å.

 


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  		Fig.3. Model of the subunit arrangement in the V1-ATPase from M. sexta and its nucleotide-dependent rearrangement, based on the combination of the solution-scattering X-ray data, the three-dimensional reconstruction (dark grey) and biochemical studies (Grüber et al., 2000a). Subunits C–H are placed within the envelope of the stalk of V1 from M. sexta as determined by SAXS data (Svergun et al., 1998b).

 


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  		Fig.4. Low-resolution models of the oxidized (left) and reduced V1-ATPase (right) from M. sexta (Grüber et al., 2000b).

 


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  		Fig.5. Comparison of the low-resolution envelopes (shown in grey) of E. coli F1- (A), M. mazei Gö1 A1- (B) and M. sexta V1-ATPase (C) (Grüber et al., 2001). In the structure of the {alpha}3ß3{gamma} subcomplex of related E. coli F1-ATPase (entry 1D8D) is superimposed on the envelope A3B3CDF complex of the A1-ATPase from M. mazei (Grüber et al., 2001).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2001