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Arginine Vasotocin Modulates a Sexually Dimorphic Communication Behavior in the Weakly Electric fish APTERONOTUS LEPTORHYNCHUS

Joseph Bastian*, Stephanie Schniederjan and Jerry Nguyenkim

Department of Zoology, 730 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA



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  		Fig. 1. Examples of chirps produced by a male Apteronotus leptorhynchus in response to stimulation with sinusoidal electric fields. (A) Instantaneous electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency plot during stimulation with a -4Hz difference frequency (DF) stimulus field. Temperature 26.5°C. (B,C) Instantaneous frequency and EOD waveforms during the type-I (left) and type-II (right) chirps indicated by the asterisks in A. (D,E) Histograms of chirp peak-to-peak frequency change (D) and duration (E) for chirps made by this male during one experimental session. Black columns, type-I; grey columns, type-II chirps.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Examples of chirps produced by a female Apteronotus leptorhynchus in response to -4Hz difference frequency (DF) stimulation. (A) Instantaneous electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency plot. Temperature 26.3°C. (B,C) Instantaneous frequency and EOD waveforms during the chirps indicated by the asterisks in A. (D,E) Histograms of chirp peak-to-peak frequency change (D) and duration (E) for chirps made by this female during one experimental session.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Tuning curves relating type-I and type-II chirp production to stimulus difference frequency (DF). (A) Probability of male type-II chirps versus DF (N=13 fish). (B) Probability of male type-I chirps versus DF (N=9 fish). (C) Probability of female chirps versus DF (N=6 fish). (D) Magnitude of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) and non-selective response (NSR) versus stimulus DF. Filled symbols indicate data from males (N=13 fish) and open symbols indicate data from females (N=6). Values are means ± S.E.M.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Tuning curves relating male type-I and type-II chirp probability to a wide range of difference frequency (DF) values. (A) Probability of type-I (filled symbols) and type-II (open symbols) chirp production versus stimulus DF (N=6 fish). (B) Magnitude of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) and non-selective response (NSR) versus stimulus DF (N=6 fish). Values are means ± S.E.M.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Chirps produced by a male Apteronotus leptorhynchus before and after injection of arginine vasotocin (AVT). (A) Responses to -12Hz difference frequency (DF) stimulation after a control injection of saline but before AVT injection. (B) Responses of the same animal to -12Hz DF stimulation following AVT injection. The calibration is the same for A and B. Temperature 27°C.

 


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  		Fig. 6. Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on the production of type-I chirps by a single male. (A) Counts of type-I chirps per stimulus presentation during control conditions, following saline injection and following 0.04 (filled symbols) and 0.08µgg-1 (open symbols) doses of AVT. Asterisks indicate chirp counts from the recordings of Fig.5A,B. (B) Type-I chirp counts from the -4Hz difference frequency (DF) stimulus presentations interleaved with the -12Hz DF stimuli. (C) Histograms summarizing the mean numbers of type-I chirps evoked by -12Hz DF stimulation during the six control stimuli (light gray columns), during the six stimuli following saline injection (dark gray columns) and during nine stimuli following the indicated AVT doses (black columns). Values are means ± S.E.M.

 


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  		Fig. 7. Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on the production of type-II chirps by a single male. (A) Counts of type-I chirps per stimulus presentation during control conditions, following saline injection and following 0.04 (filled symbols) and 0.08µgg-1 (open symbols) doses of AVT. Asterisks indicate chirp counts from the recordings of Fig.5A,B. (B) Type-I chirp counts from the -4Hz difference frequency (DF) stimulus presentations interleaved with the -12Hz DF stimuli. (C) Histograms summarizing the mean numbers of type-I chirps evoked by -12Hz DF stimulation during the six control stimuli (light gray columns), during the six stimuli following saline injection (dark gray columns) and during nine stimuli following the indicated AVT doses (black columns). Values are means ± S.E.M.

 


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  		Fig. 8. Summary of the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on male type-I and type-II chirp production in response to -12Hz difference frequency (DF) stimuli. (A) Mean type-II chirp production during control conditions, following saline injection and following AVT injection. (B) Mean type-I chirp production during control conditions, following saline injection and following AVT injection. Open symbols, mean responses of animals showing significant responses to AVT (mean chirp rate following AVT > mean rate following saline, P<=0.05, t-tests). Filled symbols, mean responses of animals showing non-significant responses to AVT. (C) Mean magnitudes of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) during control conditions, following saline injection and following AVT injection. Open symbols indicate JAR responses of animals showing significant effects of AVT and filled symbols indicate JAR responses of animals showing non-significant effects of AVT injection. Values are means ± S.E.M. (N=12).

 


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  		Fig. 9. Summary of the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on female chirp production in response to -12Hz difference frequency (DF) stimuli. (A) Mean type-II chirp production by six females showing non-significant (mean chirp rate following AVT not different from mean rate following saline, P>0.05, t-tests) effects of AVT injection. Light grey bar indicates control phase, dark grey bar indicates saline phase and black bar indicates AVT phase of the experiments. (B) Open circles, mean type-II chirp production of two females showing significant decreases following AVT injection. Filled triangles, responses of a single female showing a significant increase in type-II chirp production following AVT injection. (C) Mean magnitude of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) produced during control conditions, following saline injection and following AVT injection for nine females. Values are means ± S.E.M.

 

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