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Redox state, reactive oxygen species and adaptive growth in colonial hydroids

Neil W. Blackstone^*

Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a circular coverslip showing the sampling of differentially fed and control colonies. The transect (dotted line bisecting the overslip) determines three 30mm2 areas (the central area and peripheral areas 1 and 2) in which the development of the colony was quantified as described in the text. In differentially fed colonies, peripheral area 1 contains the area that was fed.

View larger version (74K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Images of genetically identical colonies of Podocoryna carnea growing on 18mm diameter glass coverslips after 30 days of differential feeding (A, control; B, differentially fed). Polyps are bright and circular; stolons are darker and web-like; unencrusted ‘inner’ areas of coverslip appear dark. The triangular patch of very dense polyp and stolon growth on the right of colony in B is the ‘fed’ area; the remainder of this colony was not directly fed.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Bivariate scatterplots of the amount of stolon development (inversely correlated to inner area/total colony area) and the amount of polyp development (polyp area/total area) for peripheral area 1 (open squares), the central area (circles) and peripheral area 2 (triangles) of five genetically identical Podocoryna carnea colonies (A, controls at 30 days; B, differentially fed colonies at 30 days; C, controls at 80 days; D, differentially fed colonies at 80 days). In differentially fed colonies, peripheral area 1 was fed, but the other two areas were not directly fed.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Fluorescent photomicrographs showing the simultaneous imaging of redox state and reactive oxygen species in hydroid cells in vivo. Each pair of images is the same cross section of the epitheliomuscular cell fibers at the base of a living polyp shown at NAD(P)H (A,C) and fluorescein (B,D) wavelengths (each fiber is approximately 2µm in diameter): A,B, negative control, 24h after feeding, treated with DMSO but not H2DCFDA; C,D, 24h after feeding, treated with H2DCFDA (fibers are relatively reduced; H2O2 is abundant).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Bivariate scatterplots for redox state, as indicated by the native fluorescence of NAD(P)H, and peroxide, as indicated by H2DCFDA-derived 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein. Each point represents the relative luminance of NAD(P)H and peroxide for a single epitheliomuscular cell fiber (circles, from colonies 3–5h after feeding; open squares, from colonies 24h after feeding).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. For whole-colony experiments, means and standard errors are shown for the relative luminance of NAD(P)H (filled columns) and peroxide (open columns). For each colony (1–4) of each treatment (5h and 24h), means from two polyps, 10 fibers each, are shown.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. For within-colony experiments, means and standard errors are shown for (A) the relative luminance of NAD(P)H and (B) the relative luminance of peroxide. For each colony (1–12), means of 10 fibers from both the fed polyp (filled columns) and the unfed polyp (open column) are shown.