|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 98, Issue 1 289-301, Copyright © 1982 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
AA Biewener
Measurements of the cross-sectional geometry and length of bones from animals of different sizes suggest that peak locomotory stresses might be as much as nine times greater in the limb bones of a 300 kg horse than those of a 0.10 kg chipmunk. To determine if the bones of larger animals are stronger than those of small animals, the bending strength of whole bone specimens from the limbs of small mammals and bipedal birds was measured and compared with published data for large mammalian cortical bone (horses and bovids). No significant difference (P greater than 0.2) was found in the failure stress of bone over a range in size from 0.05-700 kg (233 +/- 53 MN/m2 for small animals compared to 200 +/- 28 MN/m2 for large animals). This finding suggests that either the limb bones of small animals are much stronger than they need to be, or that other aspects of locomotion (e.g. duty factor and limb orientation relative to the direction of the ground force) act to decrease peak locomotory stresses in larger animals.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. I. van Griethuijsen and B. A. Trimmer Kinematics of horizontal and vertical caterpillar crawling J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2009; 212(10): 1455 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Horton and A. P. Summers The material properties of acellular bone in a teleost fish J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2009; 212(9): 1413 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Butcher, N. R. Espinoza, S. R. Cirilo, and R. W. Blob In vivo strains in the femur of river cooter turtles (Pseudemys concinna) during terrestrial locomotion: tests of force-platform models of loading mechanics J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2008; 211(15): 2397 - 2407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Butcher and R. W. Blob Mechanics of limb bone loading during terrestrial locomotion in river cooter turtles (Pseudemys concinna) J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2008; 211(8): 1187 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Main and A. A. Biewener Skeletal strain patterns and growth in the emu hindlimb during ontogeny J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2007; 210(15): 2676 - 2690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Biewener Biomechanical consequences of scaling J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2005; 208(9): 1665 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Main and A. A. Biewener Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading, in vivo bone strains and growth in the goat radius J. Exp. Biol., July 1, 2004; 207(15): 2577 - 2588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. M. Garcia and J. K. L. da Silva On the scaling of mammalian long bones J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2004; 207(9): 1577 - 1584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Hudson, M. B. Bennett, and C. E. Franklin Effect of aestivation on long bone mechanical properties in the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata J. Exp. Biol., February 1, 2004; 207(3): 475 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Polk Adaptive and phylogenetic influences on musculoskeletal design in cercopithecine primates J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2002; 205(21): 3399 - 3412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Iriarte-Diaz Differential scaling of locomotor performance in small and large terrestrial mammals J. Exp. Biol., September 15, 2002; 205(18): 2897 - 2908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Diamond Quantitative evolutionary design J. Physiol., July 15, 2002; 542(2): 337 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. WATTS, E. J. MITCHELL, and S. M. SWARTZ A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE MECHANICS OF HORIZONTAL FLAPPING FLIGHT IN BATS: MODEL DESCRIPTION AND VALIDATION J. Exp. Biol., March 10, 2002; 204(16): 2873 - 2898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Blob and A. Biewener Mechanics of limb bone loading during terrestrial locomotion in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) and American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) J. Exp. Biol., January 3, 2001; 204(6): 1099 - 1122. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Biewener Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion Science, November 23, 1990; 250(4984): 1097 - 1103. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Biewener Scaling body support in mammals: limb posture and muscle mechanics Science, July 7, 1989; 245(4913): 45 - 48. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. McNEILL ALEXANDER Mechanics of fossil vertebrates: William Smith Lecture Journal of the Geological Society, February 1, 1989; 146(1): 41 - 52. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. LOWELL Selection for Increased Safety Factors of Biological Structures as Environmental Unpredictability Increases Science, May 24, 1985; 228(4702): 1009 - 1011. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
