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Journal of Experimental Biology 76,185-189 (1978)
Published by Company of Biologists 1978

The Relationship of the External Surface Area of Birds to Skin Surface Area and Body Mass

GLENN E. WALSBERG ¹

¹ Department of Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, U.S.A.

Data from 12 bird species reveal that skin surface area averages 23 % larger than the external surface area of the plumage. Use of skin surface area instead of the area of the external plumage surface may produce large errors in heat-transfer analyses.

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