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Journal of Experimental Biology 56,403-419 (1972)
Published by Company of Biologists 1972

Auditory Discrimination between Compressions and Rarefactions by Goldfish

R. W. PIDDINGTON ¹

¹ Neurobiology Unit, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Zoology and Comparative Physiology, Queen Mary College, Mile End Road, London, E.1.

1. Goldfish were taught to discriminate between a given click and the same click inverted, that is, with the compression and rarefaction phases reversed.

2. The responses were true auditory responses involving the sacculus but not the lateral line.

3. The responses were independent of both waveform (frequency) and intensity and could be elicited with single clicks. Phase was the relevant parameter.

4. Tail flips were found to send a rarefaction wave (rarefaction is the first deflexion) forward from the fish and a compression wave backward.

5. It is proposed that phase analysis of tail-flip sounds is used to tell whether a swimming fish is approaching or receding.

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