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Journal of Experimental Biology 46,383-392 (1967)
Published by Company of Biologists 1967

Flight in Drosophila : II. Variations in Stroke Parameters and Wing Contour

STEVEN VOGEL ¹

¹ Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706

1. In tethered flight in a wind tunnel fruit-flies adjust lift and thrust by shifting the horizontal component of the lower extreme wing position. The upper extreme wing position is nearly constant.

2. Stroke angle and stroke plane are fully interdependent parameters.

3. Angle of attack varies along the length of the wing; no length-wise twisting occurs.

4. Angle of attack varies with flying speed; pitch is unchanged as speed is increased.

5. These characteristics suggest that the flight machinery of fruit-flies is considerably simpler than that of larger flying animals.

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