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First published online October 30, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 3737-3742 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.033191

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Development of lower limb stiffness and its contribution to maximum vertical jumping power during adolescence

Thomas Korff^1,*, Sara L. Horne¹, Sarah J. Cullen¹ and Anthony J. Blazevich²

¹ Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
² School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Campus, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia

^* Author for correspondence (thomas.korff{at}brunel.ac.uk)

Accepted 11 August 2009

Maximum power production during multi-joint tasks increases as children grow older. Previous research suggests that in adults, maximum power production in jumping is related to lower limb stiffness. In a developmental context, the question arises as to whether the relationship between maximum power production and lower limb stiffness is age-dependent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower limb stiffness and peak power production in adolescents (AD) and pre-adolescents (PA). With institutional approval, two groups of pre-adults (pre-adolescents: 11–13 years of age, N=43; adolescents: 16–18 years of age, N=30) performed 30 two-legged hops at their preferred frequency and three maximum counter-movement jumps. AD produced significantly greater peak power during the counter-movement jump than PA (t₇₁=–5.28, P<0.001) even when body mass was accounted for. Lower limb stiffness was significantly correlated with peak power production during the counter-movement jump in AD (R=0.62, P<0.001) but not in PA (R=0.26, P=0.10). When normalised to body mass, the relationship between lower limb stiffness and peak power also differed between the two age groups (R=0.30, P=0.11 for AD and R=0.02, P=0.88 for PA). In addition, we found that during hopping, both PA and AD behaved like a simple spring-mass system. Our findings highlight the importance of lower limb stiffness in the context of muscular power production during multi-joint tasks. They let us speculate that during adolescence, children acquire the ability to take greater advantage of elastic energy storage in the musculotendinous system when performing maximum counter-movement jumps.

Key words: development, coordination, biomechanics

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