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First published online October 16, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 3490-3498 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.033050
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Kinematics of suction feeding in the seahorse Hippocampus reidi

Gert Roos1,*, Sam Van Wassenbergh1, Anthony Herrel1,2 and Peter Aerts1,3

1 Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
2 UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
3 Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

* Author for correspondence (gert.roos{at}ua.ac.be)

Accepted 14 July 2009

Fish typically use a rostro-caudal wave of head expansion to generate suction, which is assumed to cause a uni-directional, anterior-to-posterior flow of water in the expanding head. However, compared with typical fish, syngnathid fishes have a remarkably different morphology (elongated snout, small hyoid, immobile pectoral girdle) and feeding strategy (pivot feeding: bringing the small mouth rapidly close to the prey by neurocranial dorsorotation). As a result, it is unclear how suction is generated in Syngnathidae. In this study, lateral and ventral expansions of the head were quantified in Hippocampus reidi and linked to the kinematics of the mouth, hyoid and neurocranium. In addition, the flow velocities inside the bucco-pharyngeal cavity and in front of the mouth were calculated. Our data suggest that the volume changes caused by lateral expansion are dominant over ventral expansion. Maximum gape, neurocranium rotation and hyoid depression are all reached before actual volume increase and before visible prey movement. This implies that, unlike previously studied teleosts, hyoid rotation does not contribute to ventral expansion by lowering the floor of the mouth during prey capture in H. reidi. The lateral volume changes show a rostro-caudal expansion, but the maximal flow velocity is not near the mouth aperture (as has been demonstrated for example in catfish) but at the narrow region of the buccal cavity, dorsal to the hyoid.

Key words: Syngnathidae, suction feeding, volume changes, flow velocity


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