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First published online December 26, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 184-193 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.021857
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Regional variation in parvalbumin isoform expression correlates with muscle performance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Philip Brownridge1,*, Luciane Vieira de Mello2,*, Mary Peters1,*, Lynn McLean1, Amy Claydon1, Andrew R. Cossins2, Phillip D. Whitfield1 and Iain S. Young1,{dagger}

1 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: isyoung{at}liverpool.ac.uk)

Accepted 3 November 2008

The mechanical properties of the axial muscles vary along the length of a fish's body. This variation in performance correlates with the expression of certain muscle proteins. Parvalbumin (PARV) is an important calcium binding protein that helps modulate intracellular calcium levels which set the size and shape of the muscle calcium transient. It therefore has a central role in determining the functional properties of the muscle. Transcript data revealed eight specific isoforms of PARV in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skeletal muscle which we classified as {alpha}1 and β1–7. This study is the first to show expression of all eight skeletal muscle PARV isoforms in carp at the protein level and relate regional differences in expression to performance. All of the PARV isoforms were characterised at the protein level using 2D-PAGE and tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of carp muscle from different regions of the fish revealed a higher level of expression of PARV isoforms β4 and β5 in the anterior region, which was accompanied by an increase in the rate of relaxation. We postulate that changes in specific PARV isoform expression are an important part of the adaptive change in muscle mechanical properties in response to varying functional demands and environmental change.

Key words: muscle, parvalbumin, isometric force, activation, relaxation, proteomics, swimming


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