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First published online November 28, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3915-3926 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.019281

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The effect of acute temperature increases on the cardiorespiratory performance of resting and swimming sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

M. F. Steinhausen^*, E. Sandblom, E. J. Eliason, C. Verhille and A. P. Farrell

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: mfsteinhausen{at}bi.ku.dk)

Accepted 29 October 2008

The mechanism underlying the decrease in aerobic scope in fish at warm temperatures is not fully understood and is the focus of this research. Our study examined oxygen uptake and delivery in resting, swimming and recovering sockeye salmon while water temperature was acutely increased from 15°C to 24°C in 2°C h^–1 increments. Fish swam at a constant speed during the temperature change. By simultaneously measuring oxygen consumption (_O2), cardiac output () and the blood oxygen status of arterial and venous blood, we were able to determine where in the oxygen cascade a limitation appeared when fish stopped sustained swimming as temperature increased. High temperature fatigue of swimming sockeye salmon was not a result of a failure of either oxygen delivery to the gills or oxygen diffusion at the gills because oxygen partial pressure (P_O2) and oxygen content (C_O2) in arterial blood did not decrease with increasing temperature, as would be predicted for such limitations. Instead, arterial oxygen delivery (Ta_O2) was initially hampered due to a failure to adequately increase with increasing temperature. Subsequently, lactate appeared in the blood and venous P_O2 remained constant.

Key words: Pacific salmon, cardiac output, heart rate, oxygen consumption, respiration, temperature

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