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First published online March 31, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 1378-1390 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.001545
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Mechanics of cutting maneuvers by ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Devin L. Jindrich1,*, Nicola C. Smith2, Karin Jespers2 and Alan M. Wilson2,3

1 Department of Kinesiology, Physical Education Building East 107B, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-0404, USA
2 Structure and Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
3 Structure and Motion Laboratory, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: devin.jindrich{at}asu.edu)

Accepted 6 February 2007

We studied the strategies used by cursorial bipeds (ostriches) to maneuver during running. Eight ostriches were induced to run along a trackway and execute turns. Ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematics of the body and leg joints were simultaneously recorded, allowing calculation of joint angles and quasi-static net joint torques. Sidesteps, where the leg on the outside of the turn changes the movement direction, and crossovers using the inside leg, occurred with nearly equal frequency. Ostriches executed maneuvers using a simple control strategy that required minimal changes to leg kinematics or net torque production at individual joints. Although ostriches did use acceleration or braking forces to control body rotation, their morphology allowed for both crossovers and sidesteps to be accomplished with minimal net acceleratory/braking force production. Moreover, body roll and ab/adduction of the leg shifted the foot position away from the turn direction, reducing the acceleratory/braking forces required to prevent under- or over-rotation and aligning the leg with the ground reaction force.

Key words: sidestepping, cutting, maneuverability, stability, navigation, locomotion


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